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Moroccan Americans are Americans of Moroccan ancestry, as well as persons who have dual Moroccan and United States citizenship. ==Immigration== Moroccan presence in the United States was rare until the mid-twentieth century. The first North African who came to the current United States was probably the Azemmouri´s slave (also called Estevanico), a Muslim Moroccan pilot boat of sub-saharan/black African descent, who participated in the Pánfilo de Narváez's ill-fated expedition to colonize Florida and the Gulf Coast in 1527. Only Azemmouri and three of his comrades survived during the eleven-year- long of journey, of 5,000 mile, from Florida to the West Coast, ending the tour in Texas.〔(Se confirma la presencia de musulmanes hispanos en la América precolombina ) (in Spanish: It confirms the presence of Hispanic Muslims in pre-Columbian America)〕 So, in 1534, them crossed the southern from United States until Arizona, being also, more later, one of four men who accompanied Marcos de Niza as a guide in search of the fabled Seven Cities of Cibola, preceding Coronado.〔Martínez Laínez, Fernando; Canales, Carlos (2009). ''Banderas Lejanas: la Exploración, Conquista y Defensa por España del Territorio de los Actuales Estados Unidos'' (In Spanish: Far Flags: Exploration, conquest and Defence by Spain of the Territory of the United States Current). EDAF. ISBN 978-84-414-2119-6〕 He was the first explorer who entered an Indian village.〔 It is also possible that some South American descendants of Sephardic Jews from Morocco emigrated to United States in the early twentieth century, after the decline of the rubber industry in South America in 1910 to which their families had been dedicated for generations. After of the II World War, some groups of Sephardic Jews from Morocco emigrated to United States, fleeing poverty in North Africa. Most of them got established in zones where already had established Sephardic Jews communities from Spain, Turkey, or the Balkans.〔(Evertculture:Morocco American ). Posted by Elizabeth Shostak〕 After French independence of Morocco in 1956, a number of their best young researchers, though limited, left Paris to study at American universities, entering in scientific faculties.〔(Encyclopedia of Chicago: Moroccans ). Wrote by Stephen R. Porter.〕 Arabized Moroccans, however, not arrived to United States in significant numbers until the late 1970s. During the 1980s and 1990s, many Moroccans entered the United States to attend colleges, universities, graduate schools, and medical schools.〔 If well, some Moroccans emigrated to United States seeking work, opening small retail stores and restaurants for both Moroccans and non-Moroccans in United States.〔 The 1990 U.S. census counted only 21,529 foreign-born Moroccans residing in the United States; 15,004 respondents of census listed the Moroccan as their first ancestry, while 4,074 listed it as their second ancestry. In 1990 there were about 15,000 Moroccan Americans with most of them being in New York City.〔Powell, John. ''Encyclopedia of North American Immigration'' (Facts on File library of American history). Infobase Publishing. January 1, 2009. ISBN 143811012X, 9781438110127. p. (195 ).〕 More later, in the late 1990s Morocco experienced problems typical of developing nations: high government spending and inflation, a huge external debt, limited access to health care, poor housing and living conditions, and high unemployment. Morocco experienced an unemployment rate of 16 to 20 percent. Moroccan Citizens began migrating during this period to relieve the high unemployment rate. Most migrants attempted to enter France, Italy, and Spain. But by the end of the 1990s, the European Union began limiting visas for North Africans and barring illegal migrants from entering Europe. Moroccans with higher levels of job skills were able to consider emigration to the United States. To escape their country’s high unemployment rate, Moroccans who immigrated to the United States typically had more education and better job skills. Most immigrants settled in New York City, New England, the District of Columbia, California, and Texas where they established small businesses or entered professional jobs, some Moroccans Jewish family are settled in Los Angeles area . By the end of the 1990s, most Moroccan immigrants were students or recent university graduates.〔 Although there were also many men who started exercising in jobs such as taxi drivers, restaurant workers and mechanics.〔 As of the 2000 U.S. Census 38,923 Americans stated they were of Moroccan descent. As of 2009 27,000 Moroccans, about 70% of the entire Moroccan American community, had immigrated between 1992 and 2002. As of 2009 most Moroccan Americans live in large urban areas.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Moroccan Americans」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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